Abstract
Before the emergence of Pakistan, few Pakhtun leaders could be convinced of
the Idea of Pakistan. However, they are now a significant part of the political system and
are represented in the civil and military bureaucracy in a good number. Pakhtun
nationalism had bounced initially due to the Pakhtunistan issue; later owing to the
demand for maximum provincial autonomy; renaming of the province and opposition to
the then proposed Kalabagh dam. As the history of Pakistan progressed, Pakhtuns
gradually integrated to the state-system of Pakistan. Internal and external factors played
a key role in the formulation of Pakhtun leaders’ attitude regarding provincial politics in
the KP. This study is analyzing problems in the process of Pakhtuns integration in the
state of Pakistan. It also explores the effects of external factors on national integration.
Muhammad Ayaz, Dr. Sadaf Farooq. (2020) Pakhtuns: From Alienation To National Integration , Pukhtunkhwa Journal, Volume-05, Issue-1.
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