Abstract
A survey was conducted on a randomly selected sample of 905 secondary school students in seven southern districts of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The main focus of the study was to investigate the differences between self-estimated
multiple intelligences of urban and rural students. Data were collected through Armstrong‘s MI inventory. Mean, SD and
Independent sample t-test were used as statistical tests for data analysis. A significant difference was found between selfestimated verbal/linguistic, logical/mathematical, bodily/kinesthetic, naturalistic, existential, and overall intelligence of urban
and rural students. Researchers suggested that parents, teachers, school, and community as a whole should make efforts to
create an environment that enhances all types of intelligence. Teachers should know students‘ needs, interests and most of all
their intelligences. Multiple intelligences based teaching may be practiced in schools keeping in view different types of
intelligences and individuals differences. The findings of the present study give insights to instructors, administrators,
curriculum developers and even families to detect the type of intelligence the students have and try to promote and strengthen
it. So it may prove beneficial for the student himself and for the society as a whole.
Gulap Shahzada, Umar Ali Khan, Allah Noor, Safdar Rahman. (2014) Self-Estimated Multiple Intelligences of Urban & Rural Students, Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, Volume 8, Issue 2.
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