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Adler was the first theoretician to speculate about birth order positions that elucidate personality and
its development in many areas of counseling and professional psychology. The present study was
aimed at examining birth order as a predictor of resilience, forgiveness, Locus of Control (LOC), and
deceptive communication. A cross-sectional design was used surveying 200 young men and 200
women with an age range of 19-25 (M = 20.15, SD = .34) years that came from five public and private
post-school educational institutions of Lahore, Pakistan. All participants completed demographic
questionnaire followed by four structured questionnaires i.e., Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 10
(Campbell-Sills & Stein, 2003); Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Thompson, Snyder, & Hoffman, 2005);
Multidimensional Locus of Control IPC Scale (Levenson, 1973); and Revised Lie Acceptability Scale
(Oliveria & Levine, 2008). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that first born were significantly
more resilient and less forgiving than second, middle, and last born. In addition, last born were
significantly less accommodating for deception communication than first, second, and middle born.
However, birth order differences remained non-significant for LOC. Gender and sibling number did
significantly predict preceding variables, without birth order.
Hina Sultan, Subha Malik. (2020) Adler Birth Order Predicts Personality Characteristics in Young Adults, Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Volume-18, Issue-2.
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