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Thalassemia major is a severe blood disease related to complete destruction of blood cells of patients. The survival rate of
patients with thalassemia major is very low and patient’s death toll is high in early age especially in childhood or teenage if
not treated properly. Patients suffer from many problems related to physiological, psychological, social and financial issues.
International and Local research available on Thalassemia covers these problems in distinct studies however, no any specific
scale was developed for patients of thalassemia major to address all problems. So, this research aimed to construct a scale to
measure bio-psychosocial problems comprehensively. For this purpose data was collected from 349 patients of three
thalassemia centers of Lahore, Pakistan. In phase I, statements about (physical health, psychological problems and social
problem issues) thalassemia patients particularly thalassemia major were gathered. Out of these 24 bio-psychosocial
problems, 20 problems were screened. Factors of scale were explored in phase II. 3 factors (social, biological and
psychological) for bio-psychosocial were identified. To confirm factor structure of bio-psychosocial problems scale,
confirmatory factor analysis was applied in phase III and results depicted good fit model. In phase IV, psychometric validation
proved the indigenous scale as a reliable tool for assessment of problems for the concerned population.
Toseef Imtiaz, Amina Muazzam, Ambreen Anjum. (2020) Development and Validation of Bio-psychosocial Problems Scale for Patients with Thalassemia, Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Volume-18, Issue-2.
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