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Quran claims that we are bestowed with Fiṭrah; basic world
view, religious and moral awareness, God fearing etc. Rationalism was
there in Muslim world before the translation movement, but the Greek and
Indian philosophies strengthen the rational approach over the empirical
and fiṭrī approach. Eventually, fiṭrī approach got vanished and idealism
got dominant over every other approach. All of the thinkers, who are
studied in this article believes that reason and senses are not totally
reliable source of knowledge. Sufis, introduced mystic method for gaining
true knowledge. The mystic approach is akin to rationalism in its core
nature. As both work in isolation from external experience by senses.
Mystic experience and reasoning seem sister approaches, as they both do
not need testification for their findings. Rational awareness and mystic
illumination donot necessarily correspond with reality. In this article
some great thinkers of Muslim world are discussed. Their studies show
that main stream thinkers tried to recognize empiricism, but their tilt was
toward the reason. While Fiṭrah was not in their consideration. Ibn
Taymīyah introduced the Fiṭrah again after long, but never subscribed by
the scholars until Shah Walī Ullah and Hamid ud Din Farāhī but they are
not part of this article, as the scope of the article is classic thought.
Sajid Shahbaz Khan, Dr.Humaira Ahmad. (2021) Rationalism in Classical Muslim Thought, Epistemology: Journal of Islamic Studies, Volume-08, Issue-1.
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