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The present study aims to identify the phenomenology of adjustment problems in college/university students.
To achieve this objective, the study comprised three phases. In phase I, phenomenology of adjustment problems
was explored through semi structured interviews with campus counsellors and students (N= 8). Three focus
groups (N=16) were conducted to generate comprehensive pool of item. Reported problems were compiled in
the form of list. Content validity of Adjustment Problem Scale (APS) was established through experts’ (campus
counsellors and senior educationists) ratings (N=10). Pilot study was conducted on student sample (N=50) to
check the ease of understanding. In phase II, construct validity was established through factor analysis (N=362).
Four factors emerged and were named as Interactional Problems, Educational Problems, Fear of being
Ridiculed and Psychological/Personal Problems with alpha coefficients of .86, .78, .80 and .70 respectively. In
Phase III, psychometric properties of APS were established (N=200). Convergent validity of APS was
determined with College Adjustment Test (Hasan & Kazmi, 2014) (r=.46, p<.01). Discriminant validity of APS
was established with Psychological Resilience Scale (Jawahir & Kazmi, 2013) (r=-.21, p<.01). Test retest
reliability (N=100) was significant (r=.91, p<.01) with two weeks interval. APS is a reliable and valid tool for
assessing adjustment problems of college/university students in Pakistan.
Umm-E-Rubab Kazmi, Amina Muazzam. (2017) Development and Validation of Adjustment Problem Scale for College/University Students, Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Volume 15, Issue 1.
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