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The present research explored dysfunctional attitude in Iranian and Pakistani university students. For this
purpose, a sample of 1500 students was taken with equal numbers from Iran and Pakistan. The age range of
participants was 20-40 years. The data were collected from Public Universities of Iran (University of Isfahan &
University of Kashan) and Pakistan (University of the Punjab and Government College University Lahore).The
dysfunctional attitudes of participants were assessed through Dysfunctional Attitude Scale Form-A (DAS-A,
Weissman & Beck, 1980). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified the factors underlying each
dimension of DAS and yielded four factor solutionof 40 items which reflected themes of Perfectionism (15
items); Approval (12 items); Achievement (7 items) and Autonomy (6 items).The findings indicated that
Pakistani students expressed greater dysfunctional attitudes of perfectionism, approval and autonomy than
Iranian students whereas, Iranian students scored higher on dysfunctional attitude of achievement compared to
the Pakistani students. Regarding gender differences,the findings revealed that Pakistani male students showed
more dysfunctional attitudes related to achievement than Pakistani female students and Iranian female students
showed more dysfunctional attitude of autonomy than Iranian male students.It can be concluded that
dysfunctional attitude of university students vary from culture to culture.
Farzaneh Fouladgar, Saima Dawood, Nashi Khan. (2017) Cross-Cultural Validation of Dysfunctional Attitude Scale , Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Volume 15, Issue 1.
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