Abstract
Globally millions of people become sick each year
with tuberculosis and it is one of the top 10 causes of
1
death worldwide. According to World Health
Organization (WHO), the incidence of tuberculosis
was 10 million in 2017 and reported TB mortality was
2 1.6 million globally. Pakistan is one of the 30 high
burden countries for tuberculosis worldwide with
61% of TB burden in Eastern Mediterranean Region
of WHO. In Pakistan, 510,000 new cases of TB
emerge each year and around 15000 cases develop
1
drug resistant tuberculosis annually.
In recent years, prevalence of drug-resistant TB has
increased and became a continued public health
crisis worldwide. There are three forms of drug
resistant cases of tuberculosis: RR-TB, (Rifampicin
Resistant-Tuberculosis), MDR-TB (Multidrug
Resistant-Tuberculosis) and XDR-TB (Extensively
Drug Resistant-Tuberculosis). According to WHO,
160684 cases of MDR/RR-TB (Multidrug Resistant/
Rifampicin Resistant) were reported in 2017 all over
the world. Pakistan has fourth highest prevalence of
2 multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) globally.
Drug resistant tuberculosis is a potentially
devastating threat to TB control as it gives
emergence to the strains that cannot be cured by
3
standard first line anti-tuberculosis treatment. MDRTB cases are resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin.
After developing resistant to first line therapy,
patient is treated with prolonged and extensive
therapy of second line injectable drugs. If patient
develops resistance to second line injectable drugs
then it is termed as extensively drug resistanttuberculosis (XDR-TB). At this level disease becomes
3
virtually untreatable
Iqbal Ahmad Khan. (2019) Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis and Importance of DOTS, Journal of Islamic International Medical College, Volume-14, Issue-2.
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